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	<title>Das Plastic Surgery Center, Flowood MS,  Breast Augmentation,  Breast Implant Removal.  Breast Reconstruction, Breast Reduction, Face Lifts and Forehead Lifts &#187; MS</title>
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	<link>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com</link>
	<description>Plastic, Cosmetic and  Reconstructive Surgery</description>
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		<title>The Skin District</title>
		<link>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2010/04/13/the-skin-district/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2010/04/13/the-skin-district/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 04:27:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suman K. Das, MD</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2629 courthouse circle flowood ms 39232]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flowood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jackson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Skin District]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aesthetician]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Massage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mississippi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natalie Bond]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Das Plastic Surgery Center has a Full Time Aesthetician on Staff Natalie Bond offers: Chemical Peels Microdermabrasion Custom Skin Analysis Wide Variety of  Custom Facials]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Das Plastic Surgery Center has a Full  Time Aesthetician on Staff</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.theskindistrict.com/"><img src="http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/wp-content/themes/dodo/images/skindistrict.png" alt="" width="180" height="89" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Natalie Bo</strong><strong>nd offers:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li> Chemical Peels</li>
<li> Microdermabrasion</li>
<li> Custom Skin Analysis</li>
<li> Wide Variety of  Custom Facials</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Mississippi Plastic Surgeon</title>
		<link>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/mississippi-plastic-surgeon/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/mississippi-plastic-surgeon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:27:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suman K. Das, MD</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Abdominoplasty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Botox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breast Surgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cosmetic Surgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Facelift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jackson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laser Resurfacing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plastic Surgeon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brandon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flowood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surgeon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Das Plastic Surgery proudly serves clients in the USA.  We are centrally located in the greater Jackson Mississippi area. Das Plastic Surgery Center 2629 Courthouse Circle Flowood, Mississippi  39232 Call now: 601-362-0611]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-86" style="margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px;" title="2629 Courthouse Circle Flowood MS 39232 Office Hours: Monday through Friday 8:00am – 5:00pm Phone: 601-362-0611 Fax: 601-362-0192 " src="http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/homepage.jpg" alt="2629 Courthouse Circle Flowood MS 39232 Office Hours: Monday through Friday 8:00am – 5:00pm Phone: 601-362-0611 Fax: 601-362-0192 " width="237" height="132" /></p>
<p>Das Plastic Surgery proudly serves clients in the USA.  We are centrally located in the greater Jackson Mississippi area.</p>
<p><strong>Das Plastic Surgery Center</strong><img src="file:///C:/Users/Michael/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-7.png" alt="" /><br />
<strong> 2629 Courthouse Circle</strong><br />
<strong> Flowood, Mississippi  39232</strong></p>
<h2><strong> <span style="color: #ff0000;">Call now: 601-362-0611</span></strong></h2>
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		<title>Mississippi Aesthetic Surgery</title>
		<link>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/mississippi-aesthetic-surgery/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/mississippi-aesthetic-surgery/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:18:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suman K. Das, MD</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cosmetic Surgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plastic Surgeon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breast augmentations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Das]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Facelift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mississippi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surgeon]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/?p=239</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Aesthetic surgery involves techniques intended for the &#8220;enhancement&#8221; of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. In 2006, nearly 11 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetic procedures [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Aesthetic surgery involves techniques intended for the &#8220;enhancement&#8221; of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal.</p>
<p>In 2006, nearly 11 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States has increased over 50 percent since the start of the century. Nearly 12 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in 2007, with the five most common being breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The increased use of cosmetic surgery crosses racial and ethnic lines in the U.S., with increases seen among African-Americans and Hispanic Americans as well as Caucasian Americans. In Europe, the second largest market for cosmetic procedures, cosmetic surgery is a $2.2 billion business.<sup id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The most prevalent aesthetic/cosmetic procedures include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Abdominoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominoplasty">Abdominoplasty</a> (&#8220;tummy tuck&#8221;): reshaping and firming of the <a title="Abdomen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomen">abdomen</a></li>
<li><a title="Blepharoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a> (&#8220;eyelid surgery&#8221;): reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner, including <a title="Asian blepharoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_blepharoplasty">Asian blepharoplasty</a></li>
<li><a title="Mammoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoplasty">Mammoplasty</a>:
<ul>
<li><a title="Breast augmentation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_augmentation">Breast augmentations</a> (&#8220;breast implant&#8221; or &#8220;boob job&#8221;): augmentation of the <a title="Breast" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast">breasts</a> by means of fat grafting, saline, or silicone gel prosthetics, which was initially performed to women with <a title="Micromastia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromastia">micromastia</a></li>
<li><a title="Reduction mammoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_mammoplasty">Reduction mammoplasty</a> (&#8220;breast reduction&#8221;): removal of skin and glandular tissue, which is done to reduce back and shoulder pain in women with <a title="Gigantomastia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantomastia">gigantomastia</a> and/or for psychological benefit men with <a title="Gynecomastia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynecomastia">gynecomastia</a></li>
<li><a title="Mastopexy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastopexy">Mastopexy</a> (&#8220;breast lift&#8221;): Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example). It involves removal of breast skin as opposed to glandular tissue or scarless <a title="Serdev suture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdev_suture">Serdev suture</a> technique <sup id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Buttock augmentation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttock_augmentation">Buttock augmentation</a> (&#8220;butt implant&#8221;): enhancement of the <a title="Buttock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttock">buttocks</a> using silicone implants or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the body
<ul>
<li><a title="Buttock lift" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttock_lift">Buttock lift</a> (&#8220;Brazilian butt lift&#8221;): lifting, projection, and tightening of the <a title="Buttock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttock">buttocks</a> using the scarless <a title="Serdev suture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdev_suture">Serdev suture</a> technique without implants<sup id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Chemical peel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_peel">Chemical peel</a>: minimizing the appearance of <a title="Acne vulgaris" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris">acne</a>, <a title="Chicken pox" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_pox">chicken pox</a>, and other scars as well as <a title="Wrinkles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrinkles">wrinkles</a> (depending on concentration and type of agent used, except for deep furrows), <a title="Solar lentigines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_lentigines">solar lentigines</a> (age spots, freckles), and <a title="Skin cancer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_cancer">photodamage</a> in general. Chemical peels commonly involve <a title="Carbolic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbolic_acid">carbolic acid</a> (Phenol), <a title="Trichloroacetic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroacetic_acid">trichloroacetic acid</a> (TCA), <a title="Glycolic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolic_acid">glycolic acid</a> (AHA), or <a title="Salicylic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid">salicylic acid</a> (BHA) as the active agent.</li>
<li><a title="Labiaplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiaplasty">Labiaplasty</a>: surgical reduction and reshaping of the <a title="Labia (genitalia)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labia_%28genitalia%29">labia</a></li>
<li><a title="Rhinoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoplasty">Rhinoplasty</a> (&#8220;nose job&#8221;): reshaping of the <a title="Nose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nose">nose</a></li>
<li><a title="Otoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoplasty">Otoplasty</a> (&#8220;ear surgery&#8221;): reshaping of the <a title="Ear" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear">ear</a>, most often done by pinning the ear closer to the head</li>
<li><a title="Rhytidectomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhytidectomy">Rhytidectomy</a> (&#8220;face lift&#8221;): removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face
<ul>
<li><a title="Browplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browplasty">Browplasty</a> (&#8220;brow lift&#8221; or &#8220;forehead lift&#8221;): higher brow position by surgical or scarless <a title="Serdev suture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdev_suture">Serdev suture</a></li>
<li>Midface lift (&#8220;cheek lift&#8221;): tightening of the cheeks</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Liposuction" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposuction">Suction-assisted lipectomy</a> (&#8220;liposuction&#8221;): removal of fat from the body</li>
<li><a title="Chin augmentation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_augmentation">Chin augmentation</a> (&#8220;chin implant&#8221;): augmentation of the <a title="Chin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin">chin</a> with an implant, usually silicone, by <a title="Sliding genioplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_genioplasty">sliding genioplasty</a> of the jawbone or by suture of the soft tissue</li>
<li><a title="Cheek augmentation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheek_augmentation">Cheek augmentation</a> (&#8220;cheek implant&#8221;): implants to the cheek</li>
<li>Fillers injections: <a title="Collagen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen">collagen</a>, <a title="Fat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat">fat</a>, and other tissue filler injections, such as <a title="Hyaluronic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid">hyaluronic acid</a></li>
<li><a title="Laser" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser">Laser</a> skin resurfacing</li>
<li><a title="Cryolipolysis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryolipolysis">Cryolipolysis</a> experimental treatment in which subcutaneous fat cells are induced into <a title="Apoptosis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> by means of suction cup isolation and cooling</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h6>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Jackson MS Plastic Surgery &#8211; History</title>
		<link>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/jackson-mississippi-das-plastic-surgery-center-history/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dasplasticsurgery.com/2009/10/20/jackson-mississippi-das-plastic-surgery-center-history/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:14:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suman K. Das, MD</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Breast Surgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Facelift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plastic Surgery History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flowood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jackson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surgery]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Walter Yeo, a British soldier, is often cited as the first known person to have benefited from plastic surgery. The photograph shows him during the procedure (left) and after (right) receiving a skin graft performed by Sir Harold Gillies in 1917. Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in India by 2000 BC.[1] Sushruta, considered [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<table style="height: 170px;" border="0" cellspacing="5px" cellpadding="1px" width="640">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div>
<div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_Yeo_skin_graft.jpg"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Walter_Yeo_skin_graft.jpg/180px-Walter_Yeo_skin_graft.jpg" alt="" width="180" height="113" /></a></p>
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td>Walter Yeo, a British soldier, is often cited as the first known  person to have benefited from plastic surgery. The photograph shows him  during the procedure (left) and after (right) receiving a <a title="Skin graft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_graft">skin graft</a> performed by Sir <a title="Harold Gillies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Gillies">Harold Gillies</a> in 1917.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in <a title="India" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India">India</a> by 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-EP-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <a title="Sushruta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushruta">Sushruta</a>, considered the father of surgery, made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwivedi.26Dwivedi_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Dwivedi.26Dwivedi-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The medical works of both Sushruta and <a title="Charak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charak">Charak</a> were translated into <a title="Arabic language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language">Arabic language</a> during the <a title="Abbasid Caliphate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> in 750 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-locka_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-locka-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> These Arabic works made their way into <a title="Europe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe">Europe</a> via intermediaries.<sup id="cite_ref-locka_2-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-locka-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> In <a title="Italy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy">Italy</a> the Branca family of <a title="Sicily" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a title="Gaspare Tagliacozzi (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaspare_Tagliacozzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Gaspare Tagliacozzi</a> (<a title="Bologna" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna">Bologna</a>) became familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.<sup id="cite_ref-locka_2-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-locka-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a title="England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England">British</a> physicians traveled to India to see <a title="Rhinoplasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoplasty">rhinoplasties</a> being performed by native methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Lock651_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Lock651-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Reports on Indian rhinoplasty were published in the <em><a title="Gentleman's Magazine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Magazine">Gentleman&#8217;s Magazine</a></em> by 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-Lock651_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Lock651-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> <a title="Joseph Constantine Carpue" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Constantine_Carpue">Joseph Constantine Carpue</a> spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Lock651_3-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Lock651-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in the <a title="Western world" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world">Western world</a> by 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-Lock652_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Lock652-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Instruments described in the <em>Sushruta Samhita</em> were further modified in the Western world.<sup id="cite_ref-Lock652_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-Lock652-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The ancient Egyptians and <a title="Ancient Romans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romans">Romans</a> also performed plastic cosmetic surgery. The Romans were able to perform simple techniques, such as repairing damaged ears from around the 1st century BC. For religious reasons, they did not dissect either human beings or animals, thus their knowledge was based in its entirety on the texts of their Greek predecessors. Notwithstanding, <a title="Aulus Cornelius Celsus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulus_Cornelius_Celsus">Aulus Cornelius Celsus</a> left some surprisingly accurate anatomical descriptions, some of which — for instance, his studies on the genitalia and the skeleton — are of special interest to plastic surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In 1465, Sabuncuoglu&#8217;s book, description, and classification of hypospadias was more informative and up to date. Localization of <a title="Urethral meatus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethral_meatus">urethral meatus</a> was described in detail. Sabuncuoglu also detailed the description and classification of ambiguous genitalia.<sup style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2008">[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></em>]</sup> In mid-15th century Europe, <a title="Heinrich von Pfolspeundt (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_von_Pfolspeundt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Heinrich von Pfolspeundt</a> described a process &#8220;to make a new nose for one who lacks it entirely, and the dogs have devoured it&#8221; by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it in place. However, because of the dangers associated with surgery in any form, especially that involving the head or face, it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that such surgery became commonplace.</p>
<p>Up until the techniques of <a title="Anesthesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia">anesthesia</a> became established, all surgery on healthy tissues involved great <a title="Pain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain">pain</a>. Infection from surgery was reduced by the introduction of sterile techniques and disinfectants. The invention and use of antibiotics, beginning with sulfa drugs and <a title="Penicillin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin">penicillin</a>, was another step in making <a title="Elective surgery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_surgery">elective surgery</a> possible.</p>
<p>In 1792, Chopart performed operative procedure on a lip using a flap from the neck. In 1814, <a title="Joseph Constantine Carpue" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Constantine_Carpue">Joseph Carpue</a> successfully performed operative procedure on a British military officer who had lost his nose to the toxic effects of <a title="Mercury (element)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28element%29">mercury</a> treatments. In 1818, German surgeon <a title="Carl Ferdinand von Graefe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_von_Graefe">Carl Ferdinand von Graefe</a> published his major work entitled <em>Rhinoplastik</em>. Von Graefe modified the Italian method using a free skin graft from the arm instead of the original delayed pedicle flap. In 1845, <a title="Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Dieffenbach">Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach</a> wrote a comprehensive text on rhinoplasty, entitled <em>Operative Chirurgie</em>, and introduced the concept of reoperation to improve the cosmetic appearance of the reconstructed nose. In 1891, American otorhinolaryngologist John Roe presented an example of his work, a young woman on whom he reduced a dorsal nasal hump for cosmetic indications. In 1892, Robert Weir experimented unsuccessfully with xenografts (duck sternum) in the reconstruction of sunken noses. In 1896, <a title="James Israel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Israel">James Israel</a>, a urological surgeon from Germany, and in 1889 George Monks of the United States each described the successful use of heterogeneous free-bone grafting to reconstruct saddle nose defects. In 1898, Jacques Joseph, the German orthopaedic-trained surgeon, published his first account of reduction rhinoplasty. In 1928, Jacques Joseph published <em>Nasenplastik und Sonstige Gesichtsplastik</em>.</p>
<p>The first American plastic surgeon was <a title="John Peter Mettauer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peter_Mettauer">John Peter Mettauer</a>, who, in 1827, performed the first <a title="Cleft lip and palate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate">cleft palate</a> operation with instruments that he designed himself.</p>
<p>In <a title="World War I" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>, a New Zealand otolaryngologist working in London, <a title="Harold Gillies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Gillies">Harold Gillies</a>, developed many of the techniques of modern plastic surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from disfiguring facial injuries. His work was expanded upon during <a title="World War II" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</a> by his cousin and former student <a title="Archibald McIndoe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_McIndoe">Archibald McIndoe</a>, who pioneered treatments for <a title="Royal Air Force" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force">RAF</a> aircrew suffering from severe burns. McIndoe&#8217;s radical, experimental treatments, led to the formation of the <a title="Guinea Pig Club" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Pig_Club">Guinea Pig Club</a>. In 1951, Gillies carried out the first <a title="Male-to-female" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male-to-female">male-to-female</a> sex change operation.</p>
<p>Plastic surgery, as a specialty, evolved remarkably during the 20th century in the United States. One of the founders of the specialty, <a title="Vilray Blair (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vilray_Blair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Vilray Blair</a>, was the first chief of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at <a title="Washington University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University">Washington University</a> in <a title="St. Louis, Missouri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>. In one of his many areas of clinical expertise, Blair treated World War I soldiers with complex maxillofacial injuries, and his paper on &#8220;Reconstructive Surgery of the Face&#8221; set the standard for craniofacial reconstruction. He was also one of the first surgeons without a dental background to be elected to the American Association of Oral and Plastic Surgery (later the organizations split to be renamed the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons), and he taught many surgeons who became leaders in the field of plastic surgery.</p>
<h5 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h5>
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